What is the primary treatment for mediastinal emphysema?

The primary treatment for mediastinal emphysema involves supportive care and addressing any underlying causes or complications associated with the condition. Option B is correct because it focuses on monitoring the patient's neurological status, providing supplemental oxygen as needed, and preparing for transport to a medical facility for further evaluation and treatment.

Mediastinal emphysema, the presence of air in the mediastinal space, can occur due to various reasons such as trauma, tear in the tracheobronchial tree, or lung conditions. Immediate intervention includes ensuring adequate oxygenation, as hypoxia can occur due to compromised respiratory function. In addition, closely monitoring neurological function is crucial as changes may indicate increasing pressure or complications. Prompt transport to a medical facility is essential, as further management might involve imaging studies, potential invasive procedures, or surgery depending on the severity.

Other treatments mentioned, such as medication administration, immediate surgery, or rest and hydration, are less appropriate as standalone primary treatments. While medications may be utilized for pain relief or anxiety, they do not address the immediate concerns associated with air in the mediastinum. Immediate surgery might be necessary in certain severe cases, but it is not the first-line treatment for all patients with mediastinal emphysema.