What is the phenomenon called when ambient pressure changes affect gas-filled spaces in the body?

The phenomenon where ambient pressure changes affect gas-filled spaces in the body is known as barotrauma. This occurs when there is a difference in pressure between the inside of gas-filled spaces, such as the lungs, sinuses, or middle ear, and the surrounding environment. When a diver ascends or descends, the rapid changes in pressure can lead to tissues being damaged or ruptured due to the expansion or contraction of gases. Barotrauma can manifest as pain, discomfort, and injury in the affected areas, making it important for divers to equalize pressure during their dives.

While other terms relate to pressure changes, they describe different scenarios. For instance, decompression sickness relates to the formation of nitrogen bubbles after rapid ascent, and air embolism involves air bubbles entering the bloodstream, both of which are serious conditions but are distinct from the immediate physical effects of pressure changes described by barotrauma.