What is caloric vertigo caused by?

Caloric vertigo is a phenomenon that results from the stimulation of the vestibular system in the inner ear by temperature changes. When warm or cold water is introduced into one ear canal, it creates a temperature gradient, causing a difference in density between the fluids in the two ear canals. This altered temperature affects the semicircular canals' function, leading to a mismatch in the signals sent to the brain about head position and movement. Consequently, this sensory conflict can result in symptoms of dizziness or vertigo.

In contrast, rapid pressure changes, infections, or excessive earwax buildup do not specifically induce caloric vertigo. While these conditions can impact balance and cause dizziness, they are not the primary mechanisms responsible for the symptomology associated with caloric testing or caloric vertigo itself.