What does barotrauma refer to?

Barotrauma is best described as a condition resulting from pressure disequilibrium, which occurs when there is an imbalance between the pressure inside a body cavity and the external pressure. This is particularly relevant in underwater environments where divers experience significant changes in pressure during descent or ascent. As pressure increases underwater, gas-filled cavities such as the lungs, ears, and sinuses can become compressed, leading to potential injuries if the pressure isn't equalized properly. For instance, if a diver ascends too quickly after diving deep, the rapid decrease in pressure can cause air bubbles to expand, resulting in pain and damage to these areas. This understanding is crucial for divers and rescuers to prevent and manage barotrauma effectively while conducting underwater operations.