How should you test the hypoglossal nerve?

Testing the hypoglossal nerve, which is responsible for controlling the movements of the tongue, is effectively done by having the patient move their tongue or pronounce specific letters. This action allows for the assessment of the motor function of the tongue, illustrating the integrity of the hypoglossal nerve. When a patient moves their tongue from side to side or articulates sounds that require tongue movement (such as "la," "ta," or "dah"), healthcare professionals can observe any weakness, atrophy, or coordination issues that may indicate nerve dysfunction.

Other options pertain to evaluating different cranial nerves or functions unrelated to the hypoglossal nerve, which is why they do not correctly assess its function. For example, testing hearing examines the vestibulocochlear nerve, while asking the patient to smile or frown evaluates facial nerve function. Checking the gag reflex involves the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves, as it assesses swallowing and the sensation in the throat. These options do not relate directly to the motor control functions of the hypoglossal nerve, making the first option the correct approach for testing this specific nerve.